References

Arkan B, Ordin Y, Yılmaz D. Undergraduate nursing students' experience related to their clinical learning environment and factors affecting to their clinical learning process. Nurse Educ Pract. 2018; 29:127-132 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.12.005

Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006; 3:(2)77-101 https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Braun V, Clarke V. Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners.London: Sage; 2013

Calleja P, Adonteng-Kissi B, Romero B. Transition support for new graduate nurses to rural and remote practice: a scoping review. Nurse Educ Today. 2019; 76:8-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.01.022

Calma KRB, Halcomb E, Stephens M. The impact of curriculum on nursing students' attitudes, perceptions and preparedness to work in primary health care: an integrative review. Nurse Educ Pract. 2019; 39:1-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.07.006

Campbell S, Greenwood M, Prior S Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. J Res Nurs. 2020; 25:(8)652-661 https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206

Chan ZCY, Cheng WY, Fong MK Curriculum design and attrition among undergraduate nursing students: a systematic review. Nurse Educ Today. 2019; 74:41-53 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.11.024

Chuang S. The applications of constructivist learning theory and social learning theory on adult continuous development. Performance Improvement. 2021; 60:(3)6-14 https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.219633

Council of Deans. Reforming initial education funding for nursing, midwifery and AHP students in England. 2015. https//www.councilofdeans.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/30062015-CoDH-UUK-Joint-Statement-Health-Education-Funding-Reform-Eng.pdf (accessed 17 January 2024)

Drennan VM, Calestani M, Ross F, Saunders M, West P. Tackling the workforce crisis in district nursing: can the Dutch Buurtzorg model offer a solution and a better patient experience? A mixed methods case study. BMJ Open. 2018; 8:(6) https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021931

Duncan M. Employers' duty of care to district nursing team members: health and safety concerns with lone domiciliary visits. Br J Community Nurs. 2019; 24:(8)377-379 https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.8.377

Ewertsson M, Bagga-Gupta S, Allvin R, Blomberg K. Tensions in learning professional identities – nursing students' narratives and participation in practical skills during their clinical practice: an ethnographic study. BMC Nurs. 2017; 16:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-017-0238-y

Meeley NG. Undergraduate student nurses' experiences of their community placements. Nurse Educ Today. 2021; 106 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105054

Goodman C, Evans C. Focus l/croups. In: Gerrish K, Lathlean J (eds). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2015

Gregory K. The video camera spoiled by ethnography: a critical approach. Int J Qual Methods. 2020; 19 https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920963761

Guest G, Namey E, McKenna K. How many focus groups are enough? Building an evidence base for nonprobability sample sizes. Field Methods. 2017; 29:(1)3-22 https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X16639015

Hafferty FW. Beyond curriculum reform. Acad Med. 1998; 73:(4)403-407 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199804000-00013

Halliday M, Mill D, Johnson J, Lee K. Let's talk virtual! Online focus group facilitation for the modern researcher. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021; 17:(12)2145-2150 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.02.003

Health Education England. DN and general practice education and career framework. 2015. https//www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Interactive%20version%20of%20the%20framework_1.pdf (accessed 17 January 2024)

Kelly SH. The hidden curriculum: undergraduate nursing students' perspectives of socialization and professionalism. Nurs Ethics. 2020; 27:(5)1250-1260 https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733019881714

Mao A, Lu S, Lin Y, He M. A scoping review on the influencing factors and development process of professional identity among nursing students and nurses. J Prof Nurs. 2021; 37:(2)391-398 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.04.018

Meyer G, Shatto B, Kuljeerung O. the impact of student debt on professional satisfaction in graduate entry nurses. Nurs Econ. 2021; 39:(1)15-22

Morris H. Reinstating district nursing: a UK perspective. Nurse Educ Pract. 2017; 26:59-63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.06.006

Newman PA, Guta A, Black T. Ethical considerations for qualitative research methods during the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergency situations: navigating the virtual field. Int J Qual Methods. 2021; 20 https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406921104

NHS Confederation. There is no community without people: the staffing challenges facing community health services and how we can address them. 2022. https//www.nhsconfed.org/publications/there-no-community-without-people (accessed 18 January 2024)

NHS Digital Data. NHS vacancy Statistics in England April 2015-March 2022 Experimental statistics. 2022. https//digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/nhs-vacancies-survey/ (accessed 17 January 2024)

NHS England. Community nursing contribution. 2019a. https//www.england.nhs.uk/nursingmidwifery/delivering-the-nhs-ltp/community-nursing/community-nursing-contribution/ (accessed 21 November 2023)

NHS England. The NHS long term plan. 2019b. https//www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/nhs-long-term-plan-version-1.2.pdf (accessed 17 January 2024)

NHS England. Safer staffing district nursing evidence review. 2022a. http//Safer_staffing_district_nursing_evidence_review.pdf (accessed 18 January 2024)

NHS England. Delivering a net zero National Health Service. 2022b. https//www.england.nhs.uk/greenernhs/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2020/10/delivering-a-net-zero-national-health-service.pdf (accessed 21 Nov 2023)

Nowell LS, Norris JM, White DE, Moules NJ. Thematic analysis: striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. Int J Qual Methods. 2017; 16:(1) https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Nursing and Midwifery Council. Standards to support learning and assessment in practice: NMC standards for mentors, practice teachers and teachers. 2008. https//www.nmc.org.uk/globalassets/sitedocuments/standards/nmc-standards-to-support-learning-assessment.pdf (accessed 21 November 2023)

Nursing and Midwifery Council. The Code: professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives. 2015. https//www.nmc.org.uk/standards/code/ (accessed 17 January 2024)

Orgün F, Özkütük N, Akçakoca B. Investıgatıon of nursing students' views of hidden currıculum in their own faculties. Kastamonu Education Journal. 2019; 27:(3) https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.3149

Queen's Nursing Institute. 2020 vision: five years on. Reassessing the future of DN. 2015a. https//qni.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2020_vision_five_years_on.pdf (accessed 18 January 2024)

Queen's Nursing Institute. The QNI/QNIS voluntary standards for district nurse education and practice. 2015b. https//www.qnis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/DN-Standards-with-Endorsements.pdf (accessed 17 January 2024)

Queen's Nursing Institute. Understanding safe caseloads in the DN service. 2016. https//www.qni.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Understanding_Safe_Caseloads_in_District_Nursing_Service_V1.0.pdf

Queens Nursing Institute. Rising fuel prices – actions to support nurses. 2022. https//qni.org.uk/support-for-nurses/fuel-support (accessed 17 January 2024)

Raso A, Marchetti A, D'Angelo D The hidden curriculum in nursing education: a scoping study. Med Educ. 2019; 53:(10)989-1002 https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13911

Reynolds S. A district nurse's reflection on pre-registration nursing education: a troubling position. Br J Community Nurs. 2022; 27:(11)546-550 https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2022.27.11.546

Robinson OC. Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qual Res Psychol. 2014; 11:(1)25-41 https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2013.801543

Sabancıogullari S, Dogan S. Effects of the professional identity development programme on the professional identity, job satisfaction and burnout levels of nurses: a pilot study. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015; 21:(6)847-857 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12330

Saltmarsh J. Changing pedagogies. In: Fitzgerald HE, Burach C, Seifer SD (eds). Michigan: Michigan State University Press; 2010

Sherrod D, Holland C, Battle LH. Nurse preceptors, a valuable resource for adapting staff to change. Nurse Management. 2020; 51:(3)50-53 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.0000654876.89427.e0

Sim J, Waterfield J. Focus group methodology: some ethical challenges. Qual Quant. 2019; 53:(6)3003-3022 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00914-5

Tee S, Üzar Özçetin YS, Russell-Westhead M. Workplace violence experienced by nursing students: a UK survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2016; 41:30-35 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.03.014

The King's Fund. Closing the gap: key areas for action on the health and care workforce. 2019. https//www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/closing-gap-health-care-workforce (accessed 21 November 2023)

The King's Fund. Student nursing numbers: good news at last?. 2021. https//www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2021/01/student-nursing-numbers-good-news (accessed 17 January 2024)

The King's Fund. The Healthcare workforce in England: Make or break?. 2018. https//www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/health-care-workforce-england) (accessed 21 November 2023)

The importance of ethical codes in nursing care. 2021. https//kont.zsf.jcu.cz/pdfs/knt/2021/02/05.pdf (accessed 17 January 2024)

Turner C. Mobile working: positively engaging community nurses. Br J Community Nurs. 2015; 20:(3)134-138 https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2015.20.3.134

van der Riet P, Levett-Jones T, Courtney-Pratt H. Nursing students' perceptions of a collaborative clinical placement model: a qualitative descriptive study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2018; 30:42-47 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.02.007

The truth about DN. 2019. https//www.nursinginpractice.com/professional/the-truth-about-district-nursing/ (accessed 17 January 2024)

Williamson GR, Kane A, Bunce J. Student nurses, increasing placement capacity and patient safety. A retrospective cohort study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020; 48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102889

Zeng L, Chen Q, Fan S Factors influencing the professional identity of nursing interns: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2022; 21:(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00983-2

Pre-registration nursing students' perceptions of a district nursing career: a qualitative descriptive study

02 February 2024
Volume 29 · Issue 2

Abstract

District nursing vacancies are recognised as high in comparison to many other nursing specialities. The role is often considered as an option for nurses after a period of registration as a nurse, which may be informed by multiple factors. The objectives of the study were to explore barriers to district nurse employment from the perspective of undergraduate nurses. A descriptive qualitative design was employed using focus groups as the method of data collection in accordance with study approval reference no: 21/NAH/006, 30/03/23. Participants were recruited from the current undergraduate nursing programme (n=60). Thematic analysis was chosen as a flexible method of qualitative data analysis. The study produced themes relating to role ambiguity, personal preferences, educational opportunities and recruitment and employer engagement. The experiences provided an insight into the barriers to recruitment of student nurses into district nursing on qualification. Increased engagement from community nurse providers is required to inform the role and incentivise entering this career option. Educational strategies that support community career pathways are required to ensure a balanced view of nursing roles among undergraduates.

The district nurse has often been described as central to the care of patients in the community, delivering high quality, holistic care to meet the needs of an ever-ageing population with complex health needs (Queen's Nursing Institute (QNI), 2015a,b; NHS England, 2019a). Recognising the burden on community services over the years led to NHS England committing to invest in primary medical and community health services and spend more than £4.5 billion on services within 5 years (NHS England, 2019b). It has been acknowledged that despite best efforts, district nursing services face staffing challenges in the form of recruitment and retention, which compromise policy objectives and threaten the delivery of safe care (QNI, 2016; Drennan et al, 2018).

This paper presents the qualitative ndings from a study that explored students' perceptions and barriers to joining employment at a partner NHS community trust.

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting Community Nursing and reading some of our peer-reviewed resources for district and community nurses. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:

What's included

  • Limited access to clinical or professional articles

  • New content and clinical newsletter updates each month