References

Australian Menopause Society. Stress and urge incontinence info sheet. 2013. https://tinyurl.com/r6de2ez (accessed 19 March 2020)

British Medical Journal. Best practice: urinary incontinence in women. 2020. https://tinyurl.com/sds3hbq (accessed 19 March 2020)

Kolodyńska G, Zalewski M, Rożek-Piechura K. Urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women-causes, symptoms, treatment. Prz Menopauzalny. 2019; 18:(1)46-50 https://doi.org/10.5114/pm.2019.84157

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Clinical knowledge summary: incontinence, urinary, in women. 2019a. https://tinyurl.com/s7a2uqn (accessed 19 March 2020)

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management. 2019b. https://tinyurl.com/su9v3af (accessed 18 March 2020)

Urge incontinence in postmenopausal women

02 April 2020
Volume 25 · Issue 4

Abstract

This article explores the social and physical issue of urge incontinence among postmenopausal women. This condition can severely inhibit the activities of the affected individual on a daily basis for fear of embarrassment due to its unpredictability. Urge incontinence is usually of mixed aetiology, and the symptoms are primarily the sudden onset of micturition unexpectedly in any situation. The treatments focus on the non-surgical support that can be given. Various physical therapies such as bladder training and core-stabilising exercises can be recommended, alongside counselling over the subject, and a range of medical treatments are available if non-medical treatments do not work, such as antimuscarinic drugs or as a last resort, botulinum type A injections. The psychosocial aspect is important, and the approach to care should be sensitive and empathetic. Use of ‘I can't wait’ cards is a helpful recommendation to those who wish to live a more active life but worry they are unable to queue in a long wait for the toilet. Review of fluid intake and existing medications, such as diuretics for use in heart failure, should also be considered, alongside lifestyle advice.

Urinary incontinence is an important physical and social issue that affects over 50% of postmenopausal women, with the number of cases increasing year on year, and it affects twice as many women as men (Kolodyńska et al, 2019). The condition occurs in 20–30% of young women, 30–40% of middle-aged women, and up to 50% of women in older age (Kolodyńska et al, 2019). The aetiology of the problem of incontinence is not completely understood, and the problem affects men and women of all ages and in parallel with many changes in the human body (Kolodyńska et al, 2019). There are five types of urinary incontinence—stress, urge, mixed, overflow, and functional—with different causes and clinical characteristics. This article looks at urge incontinence in postmenopausal women. Kolodyńska et al (2019) stated that incontinence in postmenopausal women occurs more often than other civilization (noncommunicable) diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and depression.

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