District nursing as a field (Figure 1.1) is bound by its relationship to other professional fields as well as the four main nursing fields or branches of nurse education: adult nursing (Figure 1.2a),...
A urostomy is a surgically created opening in the abdomen that redirects urine from the body. It can be temporary or permanent. The opening is made when the bladder has to be removed or bypassed, and...
The definition of pain has evolved over time; it is generally described as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling the experience associated with, actual or...
The underlying causes of a fall are often multifactorial, with the World Health Organization (WHO) (2007) suggesting that risks can be grouped into four categories: biological, behavioural,...
The key function of the respiratory system is to distribute oxygen to the tissues, enabling the cells to produce energy through aerobic respiration and to remove waste products, primarily carbon...
This commentary aims to critically appraise the methods used within the review by Islam et al (2022) and expand on the findings in the context of community nursing and clinical research..
Adverse drug reactions are ‘unintended, harmful events attributed to the use of medicines’ (Coleman and Pontefract, 2016). Ageing affects the body's ability to absorb and excrete medicines and...
Stringent storage procedures form a central plank of guidance issued by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) and health bodies including the Care Quality Commission (CQC) and Public Health England, and...
A network of inter-related pathologic strands drives AD, including dysfunction of the skin barrier, marked immune dermatological responses, changes in the skin microbiome, as well as exposure to...
Patients are usually discharged before they are fully recovered and ready to resume normal activities. Whether this includes physical activities or return to daily routines and work or school, the...
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, tissues and organs that work together as part of the immune system to remove cellular waste and toxins. The lymphatic system helps to maintain body fluid...
The prevalence of elder abuse is often underestimated as a result of under-reporting, social stigma and lack of awareness. According to the World Health Organization (2022a; 2022b), approximately 1 in...
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