Inserting a catheter can damage the urothelial barrier and trigger immune responses. As a result, the patient may deposit proteins (eg fibrinogen) onto the catheter surface (Gaston et al, 2021)....
In recent years, catheter maintenance solutions (Table 1) have been used primarily to minimise the effects of recurrent encrustation and blockage (Shepherd et al, 2017). A catheter maintenance...
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